Design recovery routes, custody, unit economics and evidence as one operating system.
Treats producer responsibility, reverse logistics, custody, condition assessment and recovered value as one return-chain problem.
Defines the scope, custody, evidence and scale gates required before a voluntary take-back programme operates.
Examines how insurance, liability allocation and incident evidence affect take-back programme viability.
Links recovered material, chain of custody, economic value and circular claims in a single ledger.
Analyzes information asymmetry in EPR and identifies the operating records needed to reduce it.
Tests the evidence required before a component recovered from a used injection device can enter a new function.
Shows how product identification and observation can create useful evidence without modifying the product.
Uses year-tagged down-product operations to separate stock age, recovery timing and commercial claims.
Examines 591 units in the Korean bedding market as a bounded case for recovery and circular operations.
Explains why recovered plastic enters a different use than the one it left, and why that use must be designed first.